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Suborbital space tourism finally arrives | FCC prepares to run public C-band auction | The big four in the U.S. launch industry — United Launch Alliance, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman — hope to be one of two providers that will receive five-year contracts later this year to launch national security payloads starting in 2022. | China’s launch rate stays high | The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space.

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Letter from MIT police chief John DiFava:...

June 2, 2020

The following letter was sent to the MIT community today by MIT Chief of Police and Director of Public Safety John DiFava. To the members of the MIT community, In my 46 years of policing, I have seen the good and bad, the brave and cowardly, but what we saw in Minneapolis last week with the brutal killing of George Floyd left me shaken and angry. It breaks my heart to see such cruel violence against another human being, and...

Citizen scientists spot closest young brown dwarf...

June 2, 2020

Brown dwarfs are the middle child of astronomy, too big to be a planet yet not big enough to be a star. Like their stellar siblings, these objects form from the gravitational collapse of gas and dust. But rather than condensing into a star’s fiery hot nuclear core, brown dwarfs find a more zen-like equilibrium, somehow reaching a stable, milder state compared to fusion-powered stars. Brown dwarfs are considered to be the missing link between the most massive gas...

Study: Reflecting sunlight to cool the planet...

June 2, 2020

How can the world combat the continued rise in global temperatures? How about shading the Earth from a portion of the sun’s heat by injecting the stratosphere with reflective aerosols? After all, volcanoes do essentially the same thing, albeit in short, dramatic bursts: When a Vesuvius erupts, it blasts fine ash into the atmosphere, where the particles can linger as a kind of cloud cover, reflecting solar radiation back into space and temporarily cooling the planet. Some researchers are...

Counting your antigens

June 2, 2020

Normally, the immune system is able to differentiate between healthy and abnormal cells. Peptides, fragments created by the synthesis and breakdown of proteins inside each cell, are presented on the surface as antigens and act as signals to immune cells whether the cell should be left alone or flagged for destruction and removal. Because cancer cells display a small number of tumor-associated antigens and antigens that result from genetic mutations, they can be targeted by the immune system. However,...

Lighting the way to better battery technology

June 1, 2020

Supratim Das’s quest for the perfect battery began in the dark. Growing up in Kolkata, India, Das saw that a ready supply of electric power was a luxury his family didn’t have. “I wanted to do something about it,” Das says. Now a fourth-year PhD candidate in MIT chemical engineering who’s months away from defending his thesis, he’s been investigating what causes the batteries that power the world’s mobile phones and electric cars to deteriorate over time. Lithium-ion batteries,...

A boost for cancer immunotherapy

June 1, 2020

One promising strategy to treat cancer is stimulating the body’s own immune system to attack tumors. However, tumors are very good at suppressing the immune system, so these types of treatments don’t work for all patients. MIT engineers have now come up with a way to boost the effectiveness of one type of cancer immunotherapy. They showed that if they treated mice with existing drugs called checkpoint inhibitors, along with new nanoparticles that further stimulate the immune system, the...

3 Questions: Sandy Alexandre on the literary...

June 1, 2020

Associate professor of literature Sandy Alexandre’s research spans late-19th century to present-day black American literature and culture. In 2019, Alexandre was awarded a prestigious Bose Research Grant, which supports her study of the under-explored phenomenon of ideas that first appear in speculative fiction becoming technological and social reality. SHASS Communications spoke to Alexandre recently about her project to illuminate the literary, humanistic sources of many technological innovations and advancements. Q: Literature as a source for technological innovation is under-explored...

Rapidly engineering ventilators for the Covid-19 pandemic

June 1, 2020

As the Covid-19 pandemic began to spread, it became clear that ventilators would be a crucial part of the medical response in order to keep patients breathing as they fought the disease. In January, Philips Respironics, a major manufacturer of mechanical ventilators, put together an engineering response team to rapidly scale production and meet the needs of hospitals to deploy this lifesaving technology. Erwin Franz, a master’s student in MIT’s System Design and Management (SDM) program and senior research...

Carbon nanotube transistors make the leap from...

June 1, 2020

Carbon nanotube transistors are a step closer to commercial reality, now that MIT researchers have demonstrated that the devices can be made swiftly in commercial facilities, with the same equipment used to manufacture the silicon-based transistors that are the backbone of today’s computing industry. Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors or CNFETs are more energy-efficient than silicon field-effect transistors and could be used to build new types of three-dimensional microprocessors. But until now, they’ve existed mostly in an “artisanal” space, crafted...

Giving soft robots feeling

June 1, 2020

One of the hottest topics in robotics is the field of soft robots, which utilizes squishy and flexible materials rather than traditional rigid materials. But soft robots have been limited due to their lack of good sensing. A good robotic gripper needs to feel what it is touching (tactile sensing), and it needs to sense the positions of its fingers (proprioception). Such sensing has been missing from most soft robots. In a new pair of papers, researchers from MIT’s...

Want to Fix Urban Sprawl? Ditch the...

May 31, 2020

The world’s cities are growing fast. Half the human race already lives in urban areas, and another 2.5 billion people could join them by 2050, the United Nations forecasts. While urban growth is inevitable, urban sprawl—with its long commutes and increased congestion—doesn’t have to be. In the developed world, cities are slowly beginning to try to reconsider sprawl and embrace more walkable, transit friendly development. But, according to a new study, the opposite is true in many parts of...

In the Walking Capitals of the World,...

May 30, 2020

By international standards, London is a fairly walkable city. In 2018, one of every four trips was made primarily by foot. And the city is aiming for even more, with aggressive plans to improve conditions for pedestrians and cyclists in order to decrease traffic and emissions―and the added benefit of keeping Londoners healthy during lockdown. Even so, London’s foot traffic is measly compared with cities in sub-Saharan Africa, where 40 to 60 percent of travelers move around by foot....

With touches of technical wizardry, MIT holds...

May 29, 2020

In an unprecedented online version of MIT’s annual Commencement exercises, necessitated by the departure of most people from the campus because of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Institute added some innovative touches — including a surprise appearance from the International Space Station — to the unusual but festive occasion. The online ceremony opened with a rousing musical performance by the MIT Wind Ensemble. Recorded individually and edited together, the musicians played “To The Light, To The Flame,” by composer Jamshied...

Professor Esther Duflo's salute to the advanced...

May 29, 2020

Below is the text of the salute to the advanced degree recipients, by Esther Duflo, the Abdul Latif Jameel Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics at MIT, for the Institute’s 2020 Commencement, held online May 29, 2020. My fellow graduates, women and men from MIT, I salute you, I congratulate you, and I honor you. It is a bittersweet occasion, graduating in these very unique circumstances. We are missing the chance to be all together on this special day....

President L. Rafael Reif's charge to the...

May 29, 2020

Below is the text of President L. Rafael Reif’s Commencement remarks, as prepared for delivery. The Institute’s 2020 Commencement was held online today. Good afternoon! And to Chris Cassidy – thank you so much for your very kind words, and for the powerful example of your life and your service. May the global family of the International Space Station be our inspiration! To the MIT graduates of 2020 – Congratulations! As you can see, I’m speaking to you from Killian Court. ...

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