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Suborbital space tourism finally arrives | FCC prepares to run public C-band auction | The big four in the U.S. launch industry — United Launch Alliance, SpaceX, Blue Origin and Northrop Grumman — hope to be one of two providers that will receive five-year contracts later this year to launch national security payloads starting in 2022. | China’s launch rate stays high | The International Space Station is the largest ever crewed object in space.

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Research updates from TESS: Hunting for worlds...

February 10, 2021

At the annual meeting of the American Astronomical Society (AAS) held last month, MIT researchers presented new data from programs such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). In a virtual-only format, scientists from the MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, the Department of Physics, and the MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research shared their findings, including using atmospheric characterization and machine learning tools and techniques to learn more about extrasolar planets. Beyond the sun...

Reductions in CFC-11 emissions put ozone recovery...

February 10, 2021

A potent ozone-depleting chemical whose emissions unexpectedly spiked in recent years has quickly dropped back to much lower levels, putting the recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer back on track, according to a new study by scientists at MIT, the University of Bristol, and other institutions in South Korea, the U.S., Japan, Australia, and Switzerland. The chemical in question is CFC-11, a chlorofluorocarbon that was once commonly used for refrigeration, insulation, and other purposes. When emitted to the atmosphere,...

A language learning system that pays attention...

February 10, 2021

Human language can be inefficient. Some words are vital. Others, expendable. Reread the first sentence of this story. Just two words, “language” and “inefficient,” convey almost the entire meaning of the sentence. The importance of key words underlies a popular new tool for natural language processing (NLP) by computers: the attention mechanism. When coded into a broader NLP algorithm, the attention mechanism homes in on key words rather than treating every word with equal importance. That yields better results...

Robert Weinberg receives 2021 Japan Prize

February 9, 2021

The Japan Prize Foundation has named MIT Professor Robert Weinberg as one of the recipients of its 2021 awards in the category of Medical Science and Medicinal Science, citing Weinberg’s contributions to the development of a multi-step model of how cancer begins and progresses, and the application of that model to improve cancer treatments and outcomes. Weinberg, along with co-recipient Bert Vogelstein of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, will receive his award in April at a presentation ceremony...

The sound of a global MIT

February 9, 2021

Every year MISTI generates thousands of stories. Students pack their bags and board planes heading anywhere from Beijing to Bogota. Their experiences are often life-changing; they engage in experiential learning opportunities with the world’s leading companies, organizations, and research groups. For MIT-Africa Program Managing Director Ari Jacobovits, capturing the voices behind these stories was critical. The answer was a relatively low-tech solution in the basement of Building 50. Initially a radio show hosted by Jacobovits on 88.1 FM...

George Shultz PhD ’49, renowned statesman and...

February 8, 2021

George P. Shultz PhD ’49, former U.S. secretary of labor, state, and of the treasury, died peacefully at his home on Feb. 6, at the age of 100. A champion of bipartisanship who for decades urged action on climate change, he leaves a rich legacy forged during more than 70 years of leadership in government, academia, and business. “A beloved teacher, a brilliant scholar, a visionary leader, a public servant of the highest integrity, and a relentless champion for...

Physicists discover important new property for graphene

February 8, 2021

MIT researchers and colleagues recently discovered an important — and unexpected — electronic property of graphene, a material discovered only about 17 years ago that continues to surprise scientists with its interesting physics. The work, which involves structures composed of atomically thin layers of materials that are also biocompatible, could usher in new, faster information-processing paradigms. One potential application is in neuromorphic computing, which aims to replicate the neuronal cells in the body responsible for everything from behavior to...

A new tool to investigate bacteria behind...

February 8, 2021

Researchers from the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Interdisciplinary Research Group (IRG) at Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), MIT’s research enterprise in Singapore, and Nanyang Technological University (NTU) have developed a tool using CRISPRi technology that can help understand and prevent biofilm development, drug resistance, and other physiological behaviors of bacteria such as Enterococcus faecalis. E. faecalis, which is found in the human gut, is one of the most prevalent causes of hospital-associated infections and can lead to a...

Fabricating fully functional drones

February 8, 2021

From Star Trek’s replicators to Richie Rich’s wishing machine, popular culture has a long history of parading flashy machines that can instantly output any item to a user’s delight. While 3D printers have now made it possible to produce a range of objects that include product models, jewelry, and novelty toys, we still lack the ability to fabricate more complex devices that are essentially ready-to-go right out of the printer. A group from MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence...

Reducing inequality across the globe and on...

February 7, 2021

At a young age, Orisa Coombs pledged to use her engineering knowledge to reduce inequality. The summer after her first year of high school, she found herself grappling with the harsh realities of systemic racism after the death of Michael Brown. Brown’s death altered Coombs’ world view and reshaped how she approached her own role in society. “At 15, the intense pain and sense of injustice I felt introduced me to the collective trauma of the Black experience,” says...

Examining the world through signals and systems

February 5, 2021

There’s a mesmerizing video animation on YouTube of simulated, self-driving traffic streaming through a six-lane, four-way intersection. Dozens of cars flow through the streets, pausing, turning, slowing, and speeding up to avoid colliding with their neighbors. And not a single car stopping. But what if even one of those vehicles was not autonomous? What if only one was? In the coming decades, autonomous vehicles will play a growing role in society, whether keeping drivers safer, making deliveries, or increasing...

Not all banking crises involve panics

February 5, 2021

A banking crisis is often seen as a self-fulfulling prophecy: The expectation of bank failure makes it happen. Picture people lining up to withdraw their money during the Great Depression or customers making a run on Britain’s Northern Rock bank in 2007. But a new paper co-authored by an MIT professor suggests we have been missing the bigger picture about banking crises. Yes, there are sometimes panics about banks that create self-reinforcing problems. But many banking crises are quieter:...

Byte-sized learning

February 4, 2021

For 50 years, MIT students have taken advantage of Independent Activities Period, a special mini-term, only four weeks long, tucked between the end of the fall and beginning of the spring semesters. This year, IAP looked a little different, as Covid-19 precautions led instructors to shift their classes online, but the term’s spirit of innovative, creative exploration remained. In keeping with that spirit, IAP offerings from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) ranged from the playful...

New fiber optic temperature sensing approach to...

February 4, 2021

The pursuit of fusion as a safe, carbon-free, always-on energy source has intensified in recent years, with a number of organizations pursuing aggressive timelines for technology demonstrations and power plant designs. New-generation superconducting magnets are a critical enabler for many of these programs, which creates growing need for sensors, controls, and other infrastructure that will allow the magnets to operate reliably in the harsh conditions of a commercial fusion power plant. A collaborative group led by Department of Nuclear...

Paul Sebring, first Haystack Observatory director and...

February 4, 2021

Former and first MIT Haystack Observatory Director Paul Brown Sebring died Jan. 3 at age 102 in Charlottesville, Virginia. Born in 1918 in Washington, Indiana, Sebring graduated from Purdue University in 1940 and joined the engineering department of Zenith Radio Corporation. During World War II, he was invited by Professor F. V. Hunt of Harvard University to join the Underwater Sound Laboratory, which developed anti-submarine devices and guided torpedoes for the U.S. Navy. He received the Naval Ordnance Development...

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